Nob Hill Slabtown Fun Fact #31: Why is there such a variety of exotic trees at Couch Park?

Nob Hill Slabtown Fun Fact #31: Why is there such a variety of exotic trees at Couch Park?
North Pacific Sanatorium Postcard copyright: Norman Gholston

Couch Park has amazing trees—40 different species. Our current snowstorm drew my attention back to our local arboretum. According to the Couch Park 2003 Master Plan, “The variety and beauty of the many trees in the park are its most valuable resource.” Tree maven Phyllis Reynolds, an amazing historian, botanist, and author, helped write “The Trees of Couch Park”. But the history represented on the map left out an interesting reason for the park’s tree diversity.

The variety of trees is not just the results of planting efforts by Portland’s elite. The exotic trees were planted as part of the marketing of the North Pacific Sanatorium (1901–10), an adaptive reuse effort that repurposed the Levi White residence. The facility was rebranded as the Portland Convalescent Home (1911–12).  As the wealthy recovered in this post-hospital care facility with top doctors, the grounds were planted with amazing trees from around the world. The sanatorium (a sanitarium is a health resort) operated on two full city blocks. Sanatoriums advertised themselves in the Polk Directories (the old-fashioned version of the white and yellow pages); this one’s advertisement read: “Grounds covering nearly two blocks, beautifully adorned by more than a hundred varieties of ornamental trees and shrubs, gathered at great expense from every continent of the globe. Rugged and picturesque scenery with four eternally snow-capped mountains (Mts. Hood-Adams-Rainer and St. Helens), with the beautiful Willamette River and the busy harbor of Portland to claim attention and cheer the view presented from the Sanitarium, a private hospital owned and controlled by medical men.” Guest also sent out postcards with images of the facility much like one would expect of a hotel rather than an assisted care center.  Interest in more history of Couch Park head over to our blog.

Slabtown Fun Fact #30: The American Inn a small piece of a historic hotel saved

Text on Ad: The American Inn Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition Portland, Oregon. The Only Hotel Within Exposition Grounds.
american_inn_at_the_lewis_and_clark_exposition
The American Inn (Courtesy Normal Gholston) A view with Guild’s Lake in the foreground.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Yes the American Inn Condominiums were build out of materials from the American Inn

The images I have come across over the years are like the one above.  I thought it was possible that the center section was saved and moved to NW Northrup.  I only recently found an advertisment below for the hotel and realized that the hotel was a much more massive building than I had previously thought.

John Karlyle had a permit out for a new three-story “flats” structure on July 25, 1906-December 22, 1906 permit for 691 Northrup street. What was exciting was the hand scrawled note on the back of the permit card.” This bldg., is built with material from the American inn if the fair grounds.” More curious perhaps was the note on the other side of the card “This man I had arrested for doing work with out license.” The permit had no name of the plumber just “hired [his] owner.” Pretty exciting that a hundred years ago a city inspector could have a contractor arrested.

The advertisement below right is from the Sunday Oregonian August 26, 1906 for a “high-class Hotel” situated at 689-691-6930695 Northrup Street to be completed next month. The drawing looks far more akin to the American Inn than the reality on the street today. With this drawing in hand in the field you can see where many of the decretive front façade columns and porch features were once attached. The stucco patches are clearly visible and the doors to nowhere on the second and third floors would have once been for access to the former porches.

 

Oregonian Ad for the completion of the Hotel on NW Northrup
Oregonian Ad for the completion of the Hotel on NW Northrup August 26, 1906 p 18- the address of the agent at the bottom and the 1930s change of address and no referance to the American Inn  made this ad a hidden treasure.
"The American Inn, World's Fair Grounds, Portland Oregon" The Pacific Monthly-Advertising Section
“The American Inn, World’s Fair Grounds, Portland Oregon” The Pacific Monthly-Advertising Section 1905

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The permit card was enough to close the case.

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screenshot-2016-12-03-17-25-50

Slabtown Nob Hill Fun Fact #29: Where was the Pest House?

Slabtown Nob Hill Fun Fact #29: Where was the Pest House?

smallpox-warning-sign

The first official municipal “pest house” opened in Portland in 1862. It was a private home rented to the city for the purpose of quarantining the communicable sick. Not everyone ended up in the pest house—private homes would fly a yellow flag in warning if there were ill residents under quarantine. In September 23, 1873 the Oregon Statesman reported that “the pest house had burned on Wednesday morning”, with no location noted.

In 1873 the city of Portland built a pest house alongside Balch Creek to quarantine smallpox cases and possibly other illnesses such as leprosy.  The city auditor selected the site because a tract of land near the head of “Giles’ Lake” had been offered to the city for that purpose—however the connecting road cost several thousand dollars to construct. (East Portland also had a pest house.) In November 1888 the Albany Daily Democrat accused the Oregonian of underreporting the number of smallpox cases in Portland. A reporter from the Pioneer had enumerated 30 houses flying smallpox flags and had been informed upon his visit to the pest house that there were 20 smallpox patients receiving care.

Man with Small Pox
The New Northwest (Portland, Oregon) · Fri, Jun 21, 1872 (There are no known images of the Balch Creek Pest House)

While tuberculosis was the leading cause of death in the city in 1897, smallpox was a constant threat (in 1889 there had been a smallpox epidemic).  The police chief, James Lappeus, was tasked with bringing infected individuals to the Balch Creek pest house for care and treatment.

The Oregon Daily Journal reported on Sep. 3, 1902 that for $500 dollars Dr. James C. Zan would arrange for the architect and to have the new main pest house building constructed, in order to separate the confirmed cases from symptoms of a suspicious nature. Dr. Zan was the health officer for the city from 1900 to 1905. Fatalities from smallpox were not uncommon and victims were often interred in unmarked graves under what is now Montgomery Park’s parking lot. In 1903 the Oregonian tried to upset readers by reporting that the pest house residents were living large at the city’s expense with the headline “Smallpox Patients are Banqueted like Monarchs”.

 

Slabtown Nob Hill Fun Fact #28: The Simpsons in Portland

Slabtown Nob Hill Fun Fact #28: The Simpsons in Portland

800px-Springfield_Elementary_SchoolWhile Simpsons creator Matt Groening attended Ainsworth Grade School, the elementary school in The Simpsons is called Springfield Elementary. The schools have matching floor plans and similar facades. Both the fictional school and real school have experienced almost constant reductions in their budgets, with deferred maintenance and overcrowding the norm. Springfield Elementary is filled with asbestos, but the series has yet to touch on seismic problems, radon, or lead in the drinking water. Before Bart and Lisa attended the school, Skinner had the pool removed (perhaps based on one of the historic swim tanks at MLC/Couch, Shattuck, or Buckman schools). Groundskeeper Willie was the swim coach.

Character Names Based on Street Names in the Alphabet District:
Ned Flanders (Simpsons’ neighbor)
Kearney (Bart’s bully)
Rev. Timothy Lovejoy (Minister)
Diamond Joe Quimby (Mayor)
C. Montgomery Burns (A mashup of Burnside and Montgomery Park/Montgomery Wards)

Character Names Based on Street Names in Other Parts of Portland:
Milhouse Van Houten (Street in North Portland)
Bob Terwilliger/Sideshow Bob (SW Terwilliger Blvd.)

In Season Two, Episode 19 (1991), Bart chants: “In a sample taken in our classroom, an inspector found 1.74 parts per million of asbestos! That’s not enough! We demand more asbestos! More asbestos! More asbestos! More asbestos!”

On June 15, 2011, before creating Slabtown Tours, owner Tanya March and friends Mary Ann Pastene and Rebecca Hamilton created and led the Pedalpalooza “Simpsons Streets and Alphabet Soup” bike route; the pop culture references were wrapped up with a stop at the NW Hostel to watch an episode of The Simpsons.

The Simpsons in Portland

Slabtown Fun Fact #27: Where is Fordham Heights?

Drawing of Fordham Heights. Text "Is situated at the head of Lovejoy and Northrup streets. We have a few very choice building sites in this addition from $2500 to $3500 per lot, including all improvements."

fordham_heightsAnswer: “Fordham Heights is situated at the head of Lovejoy and Northrup streets”

Having successfully reintegrated the name “Nob Hill” into the urban fabric in the 1970s, a decade ago Mike Ryerson recruited his friends to bring the “Slabtown” name back to the working-class section of NW 23rd.

Resurrecting historic place names takes time and sometimes becomes confusing. For example, the “Alphabet District” is larger than the Alphabet National Register Historic District, but despite the subtle difference, they suffice as wayfinding devices. Perhaps historic place names only matter when word-searching text from the distant past to delve into the community’s neighborhood history.

But the heritage of a place can be rooted in disused names. The old names convey and embody heritage, but if they have fallen out of use they can lack a tangible connection. Historic names are like dates—often tedious and requiring rote memorization. Once we lose the oral use of a place name it can be lost to collective memory. With the advent of the car it seems to me that many mini-neighborhoods have morphed into larger tracts of land/geography and melded into one larger place name.

We at Slabtown Tours work with the Dan Volkmer Team, Northwest Children’s Theater, and the Northwest Neighborhood Cultural Center to produce an annual home tour on Father’s Day. The tour runs from 11am to 4pm on Sunday, June 19, 2016.

The theme of this year’s event is The Fifth Annual Walking Tour: Historic Homes of Old Nob Hill. The homes are clustered near the top of Lovejoy. (The all-volunteer team was not comfortable with any of the titles I had brainstormed, either because of a double-entendre or because the names had fallen out of use. The struggle to “brand” an event was exacerbated by a desire to retain historic integrity yet define a sense of place that the visitor could identify. Since no one recalls Fordham Heights or Goldsmith Hill those were unusable.)

Here are some forgotten Northwest Portland place names:
Atkinson’s Addition: Upshur, between 25th & 26th.

Blythswood: On Thurman & Aspen, the northwest part of Willamette Heights.

Fordham Heights: The south side of Cornell, northwest of the top of Marshall.

Goldsmith Hill: The top of Lovejoy, Marshall, and Northrup Streets

Murhard Tract: North side Thurman, west side 21st.

Nob Hill Terrace: Top of Lovejoy.

Wilson’s Addition: North side of Thurman at 23rd.

Whitechapel District: 14 blocks, bounded by SW Pine, Second, NW Flanders and Fourth

Fun Fact #26 The seedlings of Portland’s Heritage Monkey Puzzle Trees citywide can trace their origins to what Slabtown Event?

Fun Fact #26 The seedlings of Portland’s Heritage Monkey Puzzle Trees citywide can trace their origins to what Slabtown Event?

Context Monkey Puzzle Tree:

Tour Guide Dr. Tanya March pointing to the Monkey Tree at Kennedy School
(Photo Credit Jen Dawkins March 2016)

Monkey Puzzle trees look like a Dr. Seuss illustration of a tree come to life.  In 1993 there were at least 150 trees of this variety in Portland—at least a third of those had “roots” in Slabtown.  The Monkey Tree (Araucaria araucana) is native to Chile, and like our historic homes its numbers are dwindling.  The males have oblong cones and the females have round cones—all of our city’s heritage trees of this type are male.  In their native Chilean mountain habitat they can reach a height of 100 feet and can live for 2,000 years.

Chile’s national tree, which dates back to the dinosaur era, is listed as ‘endangered’ on the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s Global Red List of Conifers.  In their native habitats these trees have suffered from climate change and massive fires in 2001–02 and 2014 have reduced their numbers by 50%.  There are a number of active online groups mapping the locations of the trees in our city and a Facebook Group “Monkey Puzzle Trees of PDX“.

Question: 

The seedlings of Portland’s Heritage Monkey Puzzle Trees citywide can trace their origins to what Slabtown Event?

Answer:

The 1905 Lewis and Clark Centennial Exposition, where seedlings were given away by a representative from Chile and planted by their recipients citywide.  Three Monkey Puzzle Trees from the Fair are protected heritage trees standing at 419 NE Hazelfern, 415 NE Laurelhurst, and 446 NE Fargo.  Link to map of these trees in Oregon created by Carol Studenman:

 

(The two best 1905 examples of Monkey Puzzle Trees are in Laurelhurst.)

Fun Facts are produced monthly by Tanya Lyn March PhD owner of Slabtown Tours to join our mailing list simply e-mail: slabtowntours@gmail.com.

Fun Fact #25 What was once in the vacant storefront on the southwest corner of NW 23rd and Northrup?

Fun Fact #25 What was once in the vacant storefront on the southwest corner of NW 23rd and Northrup?

This site is soon to be developed 4 years after I wrote the original Fun Fact. (Google Earth Image)

In this age of rapid development (3-14-16), tour-goers and locals alike are puzzled that this corner storefront—on arguably the hottest tourist drag in Portland—stands neglected.  Why has this building in the heart of a high-rent commercial corridor remained vacant for nearly 25 years?  According an article by Peter Korn in a November 2007 Portland Tribune, the owners are a family operation that is only willing to lease to proprietors who have cash up front to do all the improvement and upkeep.  Nine years later the site still languishes.

Quality Pie 1940 Care of Mike Ryerson

Quality Pie once occupied the entire frontage.  Known as “The QP” by regulars, this 1950s-style diner was 23rd Avenue’s late-night hot spot.  Quality Pie was the quintessential place to people-watch, where New Wave/Punks would come after Satyricon shows to eat day-old pies, seated next to Portland’s finest who were filling up on coffee.

The corner storefront of the building at NW 23rd and Northrup has stood unoccupied since Quality Pie shut its doors in 1992.  Fans of lost Portland’s eccentric nightlife have created a Facebook group with 298 members (https://www.facebook.com/groups/59025722653/).  QP was where people came together from every walk of life in Portland.

Quality Pie not only was a beloved “coffee spot”, it also baked pies which it delivered to commercial operations citywide.  Paul Baker scanned some wonderful pictures family album pictures from the ’50s and ’60s which include shots of his aunt Hilda Langston, a tall brunette.  These images are amazing documents that are akin to Mr. Rogers Neighborhood’s segments on production assembly lines.  Interior images such as these rarely surface and these early color images give us a window into the creation of the pies.

Historic Curiosity Fun Fact #24 Baby raised by a local store?

Postcard image of a baby bursting out of an image of Downtown Portland Meier and Frank Store text: Nadine Inez-The Meier and Frank employees' foster baby now weighs 9lbs. 14oz.-a gain of 7lbs. 14 oz.-since birth---she is grateful to the employees for all their love, good wishes and kindness.

Where are they now?

Nadine Inez and her twin were abandoned at the downtown Meier & Frank Store (601 SW 5th Ave.) during the Great Depression.  This image of Nadine Inez is from a postcard owned by Webfooter Stephen Kenney; he has asked Norm Gholston and Tanya March to share this image broadly in hopes that we can find Nadine Inez and interview her.  This postcard is from 1932, it is our understanding that the staff at Meier & Frank raised at least one of the the foundlings in the store for two years prior to the child’s adoption.
 As we learn more the team will post leads and artifacts on this post.
2-4-16
I believe they named the twins EMMIE and EFFIE….Gerry

2-4-16
A jpeg from a scrapbook arrived in our e-mail.  Looks like we are getting closer.

Fun Fact #23 Headaches of Overcrowding

Headaches of Overcrowding

From Chapter Six Figure 5 Guilds Lake Courts by Dr. March Tom Robinson picture

(With COVID-10 my PPS children are missing overcrowding)

During WWII (1942-1945) the population of Oregon increased by 194,000 people.  Housing shortages were mitigated by the rapid construction of public housing units.  This had a rippling impact on school enrollment, which felt like a tsunami for families with children enrolled in public grade schools.

The Slabtown community witnessed the nearly instantaneous arrival of 10,000 people in a single development—the Guild’s Lake Courts wartime housing project, built predominantly on the landfill areas of Guild’s and Kittredge Lakes (now the NW Industrial Area) and on scattered plots in the Conway/XP Logistics region of Slabtown.  Chapman, the local grade school, was soon bursting at the seams.

Guilds Lake School Principle Posey
(Courtesy Guilds Lake History Project)

The new residents in Slabtown had come for defense work in steel companies and shipyards.  The mass influx of the children of this new work force caught the school district off guard.  There were an estimated 2,000 grade school-age children in the Guild’s Lake development in 1944.  St. Patrick’s School, serving Catholic families, had an enrollment of 400.  The other K-8 children of these war workers were assigned to Chapman Grade School, 1445 NW 26th Avenue.  The capacity of this 1920s school building was 750 students.  In 1941 there were 465 students enrolled; in 1942, 570 students.  In November 1943 enrollment reached 1,600 students.  Crowding would have been worse had over 100 children of Black families (who elected to keep their children out of school because of transportation and segregation concerns) also attempted to enroll.  The district classified over 300 students in the Gona section of Guild’s Lake Courts as truants (high school was not required and was not part of any of these truancy figures).  Linnton School was not a part of PPS District One in the 1940s but it absorbed students as well.

Guild’s Lake Students in Cooking Class at Chapman
(Courtesy Guild’s Lake Courts History Project)

The school district’s “double shifting” plan had tenured students receiving instruction from 8 AM to 12:45 PM and the children of the new arrivals segregated into the 1 PM until 5 PM shift, but even this strategy was ineffective.  Chapman’s principal, Charles A. Fowler, was turning students away and had as many as 47 students crowded into a single classroom under the guidance of a single teacher—a situation which he described to Richard Nokes of The Oregonian in November 1943 as “not so hot, educationally speaking.”  Both the “regulars” and the “swamp kids”—the Guilds Lake children—were suffering from the overcrowding.  Long-time members of the Chapman community advocated for constructing a new facility to relive crowding in the classrooms.

Eventually, Guild’s Lake School, built to educate 1,200 students, opened in the fall of 1944.  Seventh and eighth grade students attending Guild’s Lake School from 1944 to 1950 would go to Chapman Grade School once or twice a week for mechanical shop and cooking class.  I focused on this issue of crowding because Chapman is experiencing overcrowding again.  1940s was a wartime crisis, during the baby boom Chapman enrollment swelled and “temporary” portables were built to increase classroom capacity.  Tragic that this school was demolished.

Update January 29, 2016:

I have received a few calls about this article.  Many callers had questions about what happened to the school once the public housing was closed.  Some individuals wanted more history on the school.

A number of years ago I volunteered on a team to create curriculum for the PPS 9th Grade Transitional Academy.  That included an autobiographical account of life at Guild’s Lake by Chuck Charnquist who attended Chapman and Guild’s Lake School.  Link to Mr. Charnquist’s Narrative.  There is also the sample of primary source documents used by the instructors PPS must have created this link in-house, the point was to engage at risk students with history and their communities.

Additionally, PPS District I, used the structure as a wear house after the school according to a December 6, 1956 p 17 article about a robbery at the “warehouse” at 4275 NW Yeon in the Oregonian.  The site itself was up for sale in 1968 (The Oregon Journal October 15, 1968 p 6 sec C col. 4).  In 1973 the site was redeveloped as Freightline headquarters complex.  There is history of the school being considered for use by the police academy in City Archives and Records Center scrapbooks.  The Fall 1951 Guilds Lake School paper is the last issue in my collection of material gathers for the Guild’s Lake History Project the website for that project includes a chapter about Community Services Institution.

Fun Fact #22: Why are there so many horse rings in our neighborhoods?

Fun Fact #22: Why are there so many horse rings in our neighborhoods?

Why are there so many horse rings in our neighborhoods?

Image of Slabwood Co. courtesy Norman Gholston.

 

Since the 1970s horse rings in Portland must be returned/replace post curb construction and repair. Starting in 2005, The Horse Project has encouraged participants of all ages to attach toy horses to the rings.  The effort’s first horse was installed in the Pearl by Scott Wayne and the installations of plastic horses has expanded organically across our city. We applaud their decade long effort to engage citizens and tourists via toys to our City’s rich history. 


For a decade now The Portland Horse Project has connected the history of horse transportation by attaching plastic horses to existing horse rings.  This art activity engages children and adults with very tangible remnants of our city’s equine past.  The horses left on the rings add a bit of whimsy to our city street.  This guerrilla art effort, started in 2005 by Scott Wayne, links us to our past.  

As a child I thought that all the horse rings in the curbs were for the personal use of the property owners.  If all owners today had cars, why not personal horses?, followed my logic.  In fact all the rings were not for personal horses they were for delivery drivers to tie up their horses when bringing owners slab wood, blocks of ice, moving furniture, etc. 


In January 15, 1907 the Oregonian ran the story “Fuel Dealers are Unable to Supply Their Customers” this was attributed by the East Side Slab Wood Company pointing not to a supply shortage but to a shortage of horses: “Our only trouble is to find teams for delivery.”  East Side Slab Wood Company switched from hauling with horses to “auto trucks” in 1920 and sold off its 16 wagons in the classifieds.  Other companies including the Portland Slabwood Company, Crystal Ice and Storage Company, Holman Transfer Company, and Multnomah Fuel Company were facing more stringent City rules governing their stables which propelled them to mechanization of their hauling systems.  Garbage wagons appear to have been single operator ventures when the garbage wagons were not city owned and operated.  As these various haulers of goods converted to new delivery systems the horse rings slipped into disuse for decades.    

It would be interesting to learn when the city switched to garbage trucks and when did household stop burning most of their trash in their yards.  Perhaps the subject of a future Fun Fact